(C)
American Buddhist Sangha
1. Right view to see and to understand things as they really. As such, right view is the cognitive aspect of wisdom. It means
to see things through, to grasp the impermanent and imperfect nature of objects and ideas of our world.Right view is not necessarily
an intellectual capacity, just as wisdom is not just a matter of intelligence. Instead, right view is attained, sustained, and enhanced
through all capacities of mind. It begins with the intuitive insight that all beings are subject to suffering and it ends with complete
understanding of the true nature of all things. Since our view of the world forms our thoughts and our actions, right view yields
right thoughts and right actions.
2. Right intention can be described best as commitment to ethical and mental self-improvement. Buddha
distinguishes three types of right intentions: the intention of renunciation, which means resistance to the pull of desire; the intention
of good will, meaning resistance to feelings of anger and aversion; and the intention of harmlessness, meaning not to think
or act cruelly, violently, or aggressively, and to develop compassion.
3. Right speach to tell the truth, to speak friendly, warmly,
and gently and to talk only when necessary. Ethical conduct is essential for the cultivation of right ethical speech: words can save
or ruin lives, create friends and enemies. Buddha explained right speech as follows: to abstain from false speech, especially not
to tell deliberate lies and not to speak deceitfully; to abstain from slanderous speech and not to use words maliciously against others;
to abstain from harsh words that offend or hurt others; and to abstain from idle chatter that lacks purpose or depth.
4. Rright
action, act kindly and compassionately, to be honest, to respect the belongings of others, and to keep sexual relationships harmless
to others. Unwholesome actions lead to unsound states of mind, while wholesome actions lead to sound states of mind. Abstain from
harming sentient beings, abstain from taking a life and doing harm intentionally; abstain from taking what is not given
(stealing, robbery, fraud, deceitfulness and dishonesty); avoid sexual misconduct.
The Eightfold Path is a practical guideline to ethical and mental development with the goal of freeing the individual from attachments
and delusions; and it finally leads to understanding the truth about all things. Buddha describes the eight aspects as the way to
end suffering.
5. Right livelihood: wealth should be gained legally, righteous way and peacefully. Buddha mentions four specific
activities that one should avoid as a means of livelihood : dealing in weapons and living beings (including raising animals
for slaughter, slave trade and prostitution), selling intoxicants and drugs; occupations that violate right speech and action.
6. Right
Effort: self-discipline, honesty, benevolence, and kindness.
7. Right mindfulness is the mental ability to see things as
they are, with clear consciousness. Usually, the cognitive process begins with an impression induced
by perception, or by a thought,
but then it does not stay with the mere impression. Instead, we almost always conceptualize sense impressions and thoughts immediately.
We interpret them and set them in relation to other thoughts and experiences, which naturally go beyond the original impression. The
mind then posits concepts, joins concepts into constructs, and weaves those constructs into complex interpretative schemes. All this
happens only half consciously, and as a result we often see things obscured. Right mindfulness is anchored in clear perception and
it penetrates impressions without getting carried away.
8. Right concentration: the development of a mental force that occurs
in natural consciousness. Concentration: describing a state where all mental faculties are unified and directed onto one particular
object wholesome thoughts and actions.
The Eightfold Path
Wisdom: Ethical Conduct : Mental Development:
Right
View Right Speech Right Effort
Right
Intention Right Action Right Mindfulness
Right Livelihood Right Concentration
1. contemplation of the body
2. contemplation of feeling
3. contemplation of the state of mind
4.
contemplation of the phenomena
The Foundations of Mindfulness:
The Foundations of Eight Fold Path:
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